Glossary · letter S

AI terms starting with S.

48 entries that start with S, each with its Nepali equivalent and a plain-language definition. Click any term to open its dedicated page.

Sample (Instance)

नमुना / इन्स्ट्यान्स

A single example or data point in a dataset.
Sampler

स्याम्पलर

The algorithm that guides how a diffusion model removes noise to form an image.
Sampling

नमुना लिने

Selecting a subset of data to represent and study a larger population.
Sampling Bias

नमुना पूर्वाग्रह

Error from collecting a sample that does not represent the whole population.
Scalability

मापनीयता

A system's ability to handle growing amounts of work or users without breaking.
Scene Understanding

दृश्य बोध

Interpreting the overall content and relationships of objects in an image or scene.
SDK

एसडीके

A software development kit providing tools and libraries to build on a platform.
Search Algorithm

खोज एल्गोरिदम

A method for exploring possible options to find a solution, such as a path or best move.
Seed

सिड

A starting number that makes a generative model's random output reproducible.
Self-Attention

स्व-एटेन्सन

A mechanism letting each part of a sequence weigh the importance of every other part.
Self-Supervised Learning

स्व-पर्यवेक्षित सिकाइ

A model creates its own labels from raw data, e.g. predicting missing words in a sentence.
Semantic Search

अर्थपूर्ण खोज

Searching by meaning rather than exact keywords, using embeddings.
Semantic Segmentation

अर्थपूर्ण खण्डीकरण

Labeling every pixel in an image with the class of object it belongs to.
Semi-Supervised Learning

अर्ध-पर्यवेक्षित सिकाइ

Learning from a small amount of labeled data combined with a large amount of unlabeled data.
Sensor

सेन्सर

A device that detects physical signals like light, sound, or motion for a system to use.
Sentiment Analysis

भावना विश्लेषण

Detecting whether text expresses positive, negative, or neutral emotion.
Sequence-to-Sequence

सिक्वेन्स-टु-सिक्वेन्स

A model that converts one sequence into another, such as a sentence into a translation.
Serverless

सर्भरलेस

A model where code runs on demand without managing the underlying servers.
SHAP

स्याप (SHAP)

A method that explains a model's prediction by attributing it to each feature.
Sharding

सार्डिङ

Splitting a large model or database across machines to scale beyond one device.
Sigmoid

सिग्मोइड

An activation function that squeezes values into a range between 0 and 1.
Skewness

विषमता

A measure of how lopsided or asymmetric a data distribution is.
SMOTE

स्मोट (SMOTE)

A technique that creates synthetic minority-class samples to fix class imbalance.
Softmax

सफ्टम्याक्स

A function that turns raw scores into probabilities that sum to one across classes.
Speech Recognition

वाक् पहिचान

Converting spoken language into written text.
Stacking

स्ट्याकिङ

Combining predictions from several models using another model on top.
Standard Deviation

मानक विचलन

A measure of how spread out values are around the mean.
Standardization

मानकीकरण

Rescaling features to have zero mean and unit variance for fair comparison.
State Space

अवस्था स्थान

The set of all possible situations a problem can be in, explored to find a solution.
Statistical Significance

तथ्याङ्कीय महत्त्व

When a result is unlikely to have occurred by random chance alone.
Stemming

स्टेमिङ

Cutting words down to a root form by chopping endings, e.g. 'running' to 'run'.
Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD)

स्टोकास्टिक ग्र्याडियन्ट डिसेन्ट

Gradient descent that updates weights using small random batches for speed.
Stop Sequence

स्टप सिक्वेन्स

A specified string that tells a model to stop generating further text.
Stop Words

स्टप वर्ड्स

Common words like 'the' or 'and' often removed because they carry little meaning.
Streaming Data

स्ट्रिमिङ डाटा

Continuously generated data processed in real time as it arrives.
Stride

स्ट्राइड

How many pixels a convolution filter moves at each step across an image.
Strong AI

बलियो एआई

A theoretical AI with genuine consciousness and human-like understanding, not yet achieved.
Style Transfer

शैली स्थानान्तरण

Applying the visual style of one image to the content of another.
Subword

उप-शब्द

A fragment of a word used as a token so models can handle rare or new words.
Super-Resolution (Upscaling)

सुपर-रिजोल्युसन / अपस्केलिङ

Increasing an image's resolution and detail using AI.
Supervised Learning

पर्यवेक्षित सिकाइ

Training a model on labeled examples so it learns to map inputs to known outputs.
Support Vector Machine (SVM)

सपोर्ट भेक्टर मेसिन

An algorithm that separates data into classes by finding the best dividing boundary.
Sustainability (AI)

दिगोपन (एआई)

Reducing the energy use and environmental impact of training and running AI.
Swarm Intelligence

झुन्ड बुद्धिमत्ता

Collective problem-solving inspired by groups like ant colonies or bird flocks.
Symbolic AI

प्रतीकात्मक एआई

An older approach to AI based on explicit rules and logic rather than learning from data.
Synthetic Data

कृत्रिम डाटा

Artificially generated data used to train or test models when real data is limited.
Synthetic Media

कृत्रिम मिडिया

Images, audio, or video created or heavily altered by AI rather than captured directly.
System Prompt

सिस्टम प्रम्प्ट

A hidden instruction that sets a model's role, tone, and rules for a conversation.